Ross - the .310 Martini has a 1:20 barrel, which would favour the 120 gn bullet, e.g. #32359.
I use this bullet in .32-40 (1:16) with 5.5 gns Unique or equivalent for about 1050 fps. Best groups have been close to 1" at 50 m for 10, but certainly nothing over 2".
In .30-30 (Marlin Ballard 1:10) I use #311008, 115 gns, with 5 gns Unique for about 1050 again. This is my most accurate load in that rifle. To get the same velocity from a 165 gn bullet I need 5.5 gns Unique (an extra 1/2 gn).
Taking a punt, I 'd say 6 gns Unique should get you a subsonic load in .32 Special with the 120 gn bullet. With the 170 gn bullet you might need a change of powders for a little more velocity.
That said, in .32-20 (1:20 twist) I could never get best goups at subsonic with #311008. It needed about 1250 to perform in that twist. If the 1:20 Cadet pulls the same trick, you might need as much as 8 gns with the 120 gn bullet, and even more to get the 170 gn bullet up to where it's happy.
You are only as good as your library.